High above the Arctic Circle, the archipelago of Svalbard lies halfway between mainland Norway and the North Pole.
Frozen, mountainous, and remote, it’s home to hundreds of polar bears and a couple of sparse settlements.
One of those is Longyearbyen, the world’s northernmost town, and just outside the settlement, in a decommissioned coal mine, is The Arctic World Archive (AWA) – an underground vault for data.
Customers pay to have their data stored on film and kept in the vault, for potentially hundreds of years.
“This is a place to make sure that information survives technology obsolescence, time and ageing. That’s our mission,” says founder Rune Bjerkestrand, leading the way inside.
Switching on head-torches we descended a dark passageway and followed the old rail tracks 300 metres into the mountainside, until we reached the archive’s metal door.
Inside the vault, stands a shipping container stacked with silver packets, each containing reels of film, on which the data is stored.
“It’s a lot of memories, a lot of heritage,” Mr Bjerkestrand says.
“It’s anything from digitised art pieces, literature, music, motion picture, you name it.”
Since the archive’s launch eight years ago, more than 100 deposits have been made by institutions, companies and individuals, from 30-plus countries.
Among the many digitised artefacts are 3D scans and models of the Taj Mahal; tranches of ancient manuscripts from the Vatican Library; satellite observations of Earth from space; and Norway’s treasured painting, the Scream, by Edvard Munck.
The AWA is a commercial operation and relies on technology provided by Norwegian data preservation company, Piql, which Mr Bjerkestrand also heads.
It was inspired by the Global Seed Vault, a seed bank that’s located only a few hundred metres away, a repository where crops can be recovered after natural or manmade disasters.
“Today, there are a lot of risks to information and data,” said Mr Bjerkstand. “There is terrorism, war, cyber hackers.”
According to him, Svalbard is the perfect place, for hosting a secure data storage facility.
“It’s far away from everything! Far away from wars, crisis, terrorism, disasters. What could be safer!”
Underground it’s dark, dry and chilly, with temperatures remaining sub-zero all year-round; conditions which Mr Bjerkestrand claims are ideal for keeping the film safe for centuries.
Should global warming cause the thick Arctic permafrost to thaw, the vault is still robust enough to preserve its contents he says.
At the back of the chamber, another large metal box contains GitHub’s Code Vault.
The software developer has archived hundreds of reels of open source code here, which are the building blocks underpinning computer operating systems, software, websites and apps.
Programming languages, AI tools, and every active public repository on its platform, written by its 150 million users, are also stored here.
“It’s incredibly important for humanity to secure the future of software, it’s become so critical to our day to day lives,” Githhub’s chief operating officer, Kyle Daigle tells the BBC.
His firm has explored a variety of long-term storage solutions, he said, and there are challenges. “Some of our existing mechanisms can be stored for a very long time, but you need technology to read them.”
